Johanna Ogden is an independent historian and activist from Oregon. In 2013 she initiated and was the consulting historian for Astoria’s Ghadar Party Centenary Commemoration. Her publications include “Ghadar, Historical Silences & Notions of Belonging,” Oregon Historical Quarterly, Summer 2012; “Ghadar’s Oregon Roots,” The Ghadar Movement: Background, Ideology, Action and Legacies (Punjabi Uni: 2013). She is presently writing a book regarding Ghadar’s ties to Oregon.
The goal of the movement was to assist in overthrowing British colonial rule in India.

• Ghadar, Historical
  Silences, and Notions
  of Belonging

• White Right-Oregon's Hindu City

Johanna Ogden is an independent historian and activist from Oregon.

Ghadar Movement Actually Born in Oregon
 Not In California
                           …Johanna Ogden, Historian
                                    ----Pashaura Singh Dhillon. Historian

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VIDEO.... CLICK HERE

Los Angeles, Aug. 24, 2022
NRIpress.club/Ramesh/ A.Gary Singh/Pashaura Singh Dhillon

• In 1912, a Hindustan Association, was formed in Oregon. Sohan Singh Bhakna was elected President

• In 1913, The Ghadar Movement was formed in by Indian Punjabis in the United States with shared leadership from Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims. It was organized and headed by Har Dayal, who was at Stanford University.

  • They deeply shocked by seeing the progress of the freedom movement in India.
  • Punjabis dedicated to raising money and support for the overthrow of British rule in India.

• In 1914, Canadian authorities refused the Japanese steamship Komagata Maru permission to land.

  • The boatload of nearly 300 Punjabis was stranded for weeks in Vancouver harbor.
  • The ship was forced to return across the Pacific.
  • The incident sent shock waves down the West Coast to the California Sikh community.

Ghadar movement organized to print pamphlets and  also started to send arms and volunteers for a revolution in India

• Publication under the names  of “Ram, Allah, and Nanak started

Ghudar movement almost entirely in Sikh hands:

• Ghadar activity in Germany and other countries eventually led to what the press touted as the “Hindu Conspiracy” trial in San Francisco in 1917–18.

• The shooting, deportations, arrests, the trial, all attracted sensational publicity from the American press which heightened suspicion towards Asian Indians

The shooting of Ghadar's major Hindu leader Ram Chandra, during the trial left the movement almost entirely in Sikh hands.

• In the 1920s, Ghadar Party was reorganized and it continued as a focal point for Punjabi and Sikh identity until the time of Indian independence in 1947.

The shooting of Ghadar's other major Hindu leader, Ram Chandra, during the trial left the movement

• Hardayal, General Secretary, and Pandit Kanshi Ram Mardauli, Treasurer.

• Lala Har Dayal was the force behind the newly formed organization. Har Dayal had already left the United States.